The Components of the System Unit free essay sample

Box-like case that contains computer’s electronic parts †¢ Sometimes called the frame What are regular segments inside the framework unit? †¢ Processor †¢ Memory module †¢ Expansion cards o Sound card o Modem card o Video card o Network interface card †¢ Ports and Connectors What is the motherboard? †¢ Main circuit board in framework unit †¢ Contains chips, coordinated circuits, and transistors †¢ Also called framework board What chip bundles are accessible? †¢ single edge contact (SEC) cartridge †¢ double inline bundle (DIP) †¢ flip chip-PGA (FC-PGA) bundle pin matrix cluster (PGA Central Processing Unit What is the focal preparing unit (CPU) ? †¢ Interprets and completes essential directions that work a PC †¢ Also called the processor What are the segments of the CPU? †¢ Control Unit †¢ Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) What is the control unit? †¢ Directs and organizes activities in PC †¢ Control unit rehashes four fundamental tasks: †¢ Fetch get program guidance or information thing from memory †¢ Decode make an interpretation of guidance into orders †¢ Execute complete order †¢ Store compose result to memory What is a machine cycle? Four activities of the CPU contain a machine cycle †¢ Also called guidance cycle †¢ Instruction time (I-time) time taken to get and decipher †¢ Execution time (e-time) time taken to execute and store A case of a machine cycle †¢ Student enters math issue (100 x 52) into computer’s memory †¢ Result in memory shows on monitor’s screen How is the CPU’s speed estimated? †¢ According to what number of a huge number of guidelines every second (MIPS) it can process What are two structures utilized for the CPU? †¢ CISC (complex guidance set figuring) o Supports enormous number of directions CPU executes complex guidelines all the more rapidly †¢ RISC (diminished guidance set processing) o Supports more modest number of guidelines o CPU executes straightforward directions all the more rapidly What is the math/rationale unit (ALU) ? †¢ CPU segment that performs execution pa rt of the machine cycle o Arithmetic (expansion, deduction, augmentation, and division) o Comparison (more noteworthy than, equivalent to, or not as much as) o Logical (AND, OR, NOT) What is pipelining? †¢ CPU starts executing second guidance before finishing first guidance †¢ Results in quicker preparing What is a register? †¢ Temporary stockpiling zone that holds information and directions o Stores area from where guidance was gotten o Stores guidance while it is being decoded o Stores information while ALU forms it o Stores consequences of count What is the framework clock? †¢ Synchronizes all PC tasks †¢ Each tick is clock cycle †¢ MHz megahertz (millions) †¢ GHz gigahertz (billions) What is a chip? †¢ Single processor chip found in PCs How do PC processors look at? †¢ Intel PC †¢ AMD PC †¢ Motorola Mac What is a coprocessor? Chip that helps processor in performing explicit undertakings †¢ One sort is a skimming point coprocessor, otherwise called a math or numeric coprocessor What is equal handling? †¢ Using different processors at the same time to execute program quicker †¢ Requires extraordinary programming to partition issue and unite results Data Representation How do PCs speak to information? †¢ Most PCs are computerized †¢ Recognize just two discrete states: on or off What is the twofold framework? †¢ Number framework with two novel digits: 0 and 1 What is a byte? †¢ Eight bits gathered 256 characters What are three mainstream coding frameworks to speak to information? †¢ ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange †¢ EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code †¢ Unicode coding plan fit for speaking to all world’s dialects How is a character sent from console to PC? †¢ Step 1: Press letter T †¢ Step 2: Electronic sign for letter T sent to framework unit †¢ Step 3: Signal changed to its ASCII code (01010100) and put away in memory †¢ Step 4: After handling, double code for letter T is changed over to picture on yield gadget Memory What is memory? †¢ Temporary stockpiling region for working framework, application projects, and information †¢ Consists of at least one chips on motherboard †¢ Each byte put away in novel location How is memory estimated? †¢ By number of bytes accessible o KB o MB o GB o TB What are two kinds of framework unit memory? †¢ unpredictable memory o Loses its substance when PCs power is killed †¢ nonvolatile memory o Does NOT lose its substance when computer’s power is killed What is irregular access memory (RAM)? †¢ Memory chips that can be perused from and written to by processor †¢ Most RAM is unstable The more RAM a PC has, the quicker it works What are two essential sorts of RAM chips? †¢ Dynamic RAM (DRAM) o Most regular sort o Also called fundamental memory †¢ Static RAM (SRAM) o Used for unique applications, for example, store o Faster and more dependable than DRAM chips How much RAM is required? †¢ Software bundle ordinarily shows RAM necessities How much RAM is required? †¢ Depends on sort of uses you mean to run on your PC What is reserve †¢ Helps speed PC forms by putting away as often as possible utilized directions and information †¢ Also called memory store, reserve store, or RAM reserve L1 reserve worked in processor †¢ L2 and L3 store not implicit processor †¢ L2 propelled move reserve most normal What is perused just memory (ROM)? †¢ Memory chips that contain information, guidelines, or data that is recorded forever †¢ Data must be perused; can't be adjusted in ROM †¢ ROM is nonvolatile †Contents not lost when PC is killed o BIOS (fundamental info/yield framework) o Stored on ROM †¢ Sequence of directions PC follows to stack working framework and different documents when you turn on the PC Types of ROM †¢ Firmware ROM chips made with for all time composed information, directions, or data †¢ PROM (programmable read-just memory) o Blank ROM on which you can put things for all time †¢ EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-just memory) o Type of PROM containing microcode software engineer can delete What is streak memory? †¢ Nonvolatile memory that can be deleted electronically and reconstructed †¢ Used with handheld PCs and computerized cameras, phones, and vehicle What is CMOS? †¢ Correlative metal-oxide semiconductor memory Stores data about the PC o sort of circle drives o console o screen o current time and date †¢ Uses battery to hold data when PC is killed What is memory get to time? †¢ Speed at which processor can get to information from memory legitimately †¢ Measured in nanoseconds (ns), which would one say one is billionth of a second †¢ It takes 1/10 of one moment to flicker your eye; a PC can perform up to 10 million activities in same measure of time Expansion Slots and Expansion Cards What is an extension opening? An opening, or attachment, where circuit board is embedded into motherboard †¢ Expansion card embedded in development space How are extension cards utilized? What is Plug and Play? †¢ Computer consequently can design cards and different gadgets as you introduce them What is a PC card? †¢ Credit card-sized gadget used to add abilities to scratch pad PCs †¢ PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card Intern ational Association †¢ Uses incorporate modem, extra memory, and capacity o Memory †Type I o Modem †Type II o Hard Drive †Type III What is a blaze memory card? Adds memory to handheld PCs, computerized music players, cell phones, and comparable gadgets Ports What is a port? †¢ Connects outside gadgets to framework unit o console port o USB port o sequential port o screen port o game port o organize port o mouse port o equal port o speaker port o mouthpiece port What are various kinds of connectors? What is a sequential port? †¢ Transmits the slightest bit of information at a time †¢ Used to interface moderate speed gadgets, for example, mouse, console, mode What is an equal port? †¢ Connects gadgets that can move more than the slightest bit at once, for example, a printer What is a widespread sequential transport port (USB) ? †¢ Connector that bolsters more up to date peripherals and fitting and play †¢ Can interface 127 gadgets †¢ Other famous ports incorporate 1394, MIDI, SCSI, and IrDA Busses What is a transport? †¢ Channel that permits gadgets inside PC to speak with one another †¢ On the motherboard †¢ System transport associates processor and RAM †¢ Bus width decides number of bits transmitted at one time †¢ Word size decides number of bits processor can decipher and execute at a given time o Usually same as transport width What is a development transport? Permits processor to speak with peripherals o ISA †generally normal, slowest o Local Bus †fast, associates higher speed gadgets o AGP †structured by Intel to improve 3-D illustrations Bays What is a sound? †¢ Open zone inside framework unit used to introduce extra gear Power Supply What is a force gracefully? †¢ Converts rotating current (AC) to coordinate current (DC) †¢ Some fringe gadgets have AC connector Mobile Computers What is a versatile PC? †¢ Notebook, which weighs between 2. 5 and 8 pounds, or handheld What ports are on a scratch pad PC? Console/mouse port †¢ IrDA port †¢ Serial port †¢ Parallel Port †¢ Video port †¢ USB port How is information moved from a handheld PC? †¢ An IrDA port permits the handheld PC to discuss remotely with other register